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Active and passive voice are two different ways to construct sentences in English, affecting the focus and structure of the sentence.

Active Voice: In the active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action of the verb. It is a straightforward and direct way of expressing an action.

• Example: “She wrote a book.” (Subject: She, Verb: wrote, Object: a book)

Passive Voice: In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence receives the action of the verb. The focus is often on the object of the action rather than the person who performed the action.

• Example: “The book was written by her.” (Subject: The book, Verb: was written, Agent: by her)

In summary, active voice emphasizes the doer of the action, while passive voice emphasizes the action’s receiver or the object. Passive voice can be useful for emphasizing certain information or when the doer of the action is unknown or less important. However, active voice is generally clearer and more direct, making it the preferred choice in many situations.